Mexico's powerful state-owned oil monopoly is known as which term?

• A. Petróleos Mexicanos
• B. Instituto Federal Electoral
• C. Benito Juárez
• D. Parastatals

Answer: (A)

The term being tested is the official name of Mexico’s national oil company, the state-controlled firm that historically dominated the oil industry. Petróleos Mexicanos translates to Mexican Petroleum, and it’s the formal name of the company created after oil was nationalized in 1938. For decades PEMEX controlled exploration, production, refining, and distribution, making it a central instrument of the Mexican state and economy. The acronym PEMEX is widely used, but the full name is the precise term the question is asking for.

The other options refer to unrelated things: Instituto Federal Electoral is the electoral body, Benito Juárez is a former president and national symbol, and parastatals is a broad category for state-owned enterprises rather than the specific company name.